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Regarding your Extra Reckoning section:

The disinformation you mention appears to be one-sided. Is there no disinformation from the opposing side, or were you unable to find examples?

You state that the ramping up of disinformation is recent, but this phenomenon actually began much earlier, such as during the 2000 election.

I disagree with your claim that disinformation is only sought out and consumed by a "small knot of people." I believe its reach and impact are more widespread.

Could you address these points and provide a more balanced perspective on the issue of disinformation?

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author

Hi Geoff! Generally, disinformation scholars agree that disinformation is nothing new. What's different now is the types of media that can be used as disinformation, as well as how they can be disseminated. On the partisanship of misinformation, I'd refer you to this (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36123387/#:~:text=We%20uncover%20partisan%20asymmetries%20in,for%20the%20highly%20polarized%20users%2D) and this (https://edition.cnn.com/2021/06/02/health/conservatives-false-news-study/index.html). Regarding the claim that disinformation is generally sought out by small groups of people, I'd refer you to this Harvard Misinformation Review piece (https://misinforeview.hks.harvard.edu/article/misinformation-reloaded-fears-about-the-impact-of-generative-ai-on-misinformation-are-overblown/) and this article on fake news on Twitter in the 2016 election (https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aau2706).

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Aug 22Liked by Emmie Hine

I think the most important point of disinformation(regardless of which party is influenced) mentioned by this article is the change of media ecosystem(because of digital technology). Therefore, the impact of disinformation is empirical question, but the ecosystem is more fundamental

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